Effect of calorie-enriched formula on postoperative catch-up growth in infants with cyanotic congenital heart disease: a propective randomized controlled study / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the effect of calorie-enriched formula on postoperative catch-up growth in infants with cyanotic congenital heart disease (CHD).@*METHODS@#A total of 100 infants with cyanotic CHD who underwent surgical operation from January to December, 2017, were randomly divided into a high-calorie group (receiving calorie-enriched formula after surgery) and a conventional group (receiving standard formula after surgery), with 50 infants in each group. All infants were followed up for 6 months. The observation indices included body height, body weight, prealbumin, and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide before surgery, at the time of ventilator weaning and extubation after surgery, and at 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery. Height-for-age Z-score (HAZ), weight-for-age Z-score (WAZ), and weight-for-height Z-score (WHZ) were also assessed. Adverse reactions were recorded for both groups.@*RESULTS@#There were 25 cases (50%) and 21 cases (42%) of malnutrition in the high-calorie group and the conventional group respectively before surgery (@*CONCLUSIONS@#Compared with the standard formula, calorie-enriched formula can better help with postoperative catch-up growth in infants with cyanotic CHD.

Analysis on the clinical characteristics of autoimmune pancreatitis patients from 2009 to 2018 in China / 中华胰腺病杂志

Objective:To analyze and summarize the clinical characteristics of autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) patients in China from 2009 to 2018.Methods:Studies published from January 2009 to December 2018 were searched in CNKI, Wanfang and VIP databases by using " autoimmune pancreatitis" , " immune pancreatitis" and " IgG related pancreatitis" as search items, respectively. One hundred and ten articles were finally included, and a total of 2 364 AIP patients were involved. The gender, age, clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, radiological examination, treatment and prognosis of these AIP patients were analyzed and summarized.Results:Among the 2 364 AIP patients, there were 1 777 males and 587 females, with an average age of 58 years. The main clinical manifestations were jaundice(61.31%), abdominal pain(52.45%), abdominal discomfort(34.78%) and body weight loss(22.62%). 50.13% of the patients suffered from extrapancreatic manifestations. Serological examination detected significantly increased levels of IgG4 (74.14%), CRP (73.68%), IgG (71.41%), erythrocyte sedimentation (67.34%), total bilirubin (62.44%), ALT/AST(50.83%), CA19-9(43.85%) and positive rheumatoid factor (42.04%). Pancreatic diffuse (46.87%) and regional enlargement (21.87%) was found in AIP patients by imaging examination. The pancreatic pathological manifestations mainly included lymphoplasmic cell infiltration, pancreatic acinar destruction and atrophy, fibrous tissue proliferation, and positive IgG4 deposition by immunohistochemistry. 282 patients (11.92%) were misdiagnosed, while 70.12% of AIP patients were attenuated by hormones therapies.Conclusions:AIP, which is more common in male in China, is often accompanied by extrapancreatic manifestations. Although imaging examinations were helpful for diagnosis, the misdiagnosis rate remains high. Clinicians need to raise awareness, enhance the ability to diagnose and treat AIP, thus reducing misdiagnosis.

Effect of Yunkang Oral Liquid on preventing LPS-induced abortion and regulating immune tolerance in mice / 中国中药杂志

To investigate the effect of Yunkang Oral Liquid on preventing lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced abortion and regulating immune tolerance in mice,sixty normal ICR mice were randomly divided into normal group,model group,Yunkang Oral Liquid high,middle and low dose groups and progesterone group.Abortion model was established by tail vain injection of LPS(0.1μg/mouse)on the 7th day of pregnancy.Since the first day of pregnancy,the same volume of distilled water,Yunkang Oral Liquid at the dose of 36,18 and 9 m L·kg~(-1)·d~(-1),and progesterone at the dose of 0.038 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)were given in corresponding groups.The mice were sacrificed at the 9th day of pregnancy,and the embryo loss of each group was calculated.The levels of Th1 type cytokines(TNF-α,IFN-γ)and Th2 type cytokines(IL-4,IL-10)in uterus homogenate were detected by ELISA.HE staining was performed to examine the histopathological changes in the decidua.The expression levels of CD14,F4/80 in macrophages of uterus were detected by immunohistochemistry.Western blot was used to investigate the protein expression of TLR4,MyD88 and NF-κB in uterine decidua.In our study,all Yunkang Oral Liquid groups could significantly reduce the embryo absorption rate of mice,while high dose group can significantly increase the levels of IL-10 and IL-4;both medium and high dose groups can significantly decrease TNF-α,and IFN-γlevelsin the uterus of model mice,reduce the protein expression of NF-κB,MyD88 and TLR4 in uterine decidua tissue.Various treatment groups could reduce the counts of F4/80,CD14 macrophages and decrease expression area in uterine tissue.Our results showed that Yunkang Oral Liquid could prevent LPS-induced abortion,and the mechanism may be associated with inhibiting the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway and regulating the balance of Th1/Th2 immune factors,which could improve the endometrial receptivity of mice,and promote the development of decidua and implantation of embryo.

Antihypertensive effect and mechanism of Dendrobium officinale flos on high-blood pressure rats induced by high glucose and high fat compound alcohol / 中国中药杂志

This study aimed to investigate the antihypertensive effect and possible mechanism of Dendrobium officinale flos on hypertensive rats induced by high glucose and high fat compound alcohol. The hypertensive models were successfully made by high-glucose and high-fat diet, with gradient drinking for 4 weeks, and then divided into model control group, valsartan (5.7 mg·kg⁻¹) positive control group and D. officinale flos groups (3，1 g·kg⁻¹). After 6 weeks of treatment, the blood pressure of rats was measured regularly. After the last administration, endothelin-1 (ET-1), thromboxane B₂ (TXB₂), prostacyclin (PGI₂) and nitric oxide (NO) were tested. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression and lesion status in thoracic aorta were detected. The vascular endothelium dependent dilation of the thoracic aorta was detected by the isolated vascular loop tension test. The results showed that D. officinale flos could significantly reduce systolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure in hypertensive rats, inhibit the thickening of thoracic aorta and the loss of endothelial cells, reduce plasma content of ET-1 and TXB₂, and increase the content of PGI₂ and NO. After long-term administration, vascular endothelium dependent dilation of the thoracic aorta was significantly increased, and could be blocked by the eNOS inhibitor (L-NAME) and increase the expression of eNOS. Therefore, D. officinale flos has an obvious antihypertensive effect on high glucose and high fat compound alcohol-induced hypertensive rats. Its mechanism may be correlated with the improvement of vascular diastolic function by protecting vascular endothelial cells, and finally resist hypertension.

Change of plasma Apelin level in patients with acute pancreatitis and its clinical significance / 重庆医学

Objective To explore the change of plasma Apelin level in the patients with acute pancreatitis(AP) and its clinical significance.Methods Fifty cases of AP in the hospital from July 2015 to June 2016 were collected as the AP group and divided into the mild AP group(MAP) and severe AP group(SAP).Other contemporaneous 30 healthy volunteers undergoing physical examination were selected as the control group.The differences in Apelin-13,Apelin-36 and C reactive protein(CRP) levels on admission and were APACHE Ⅱ score were compared between the two groups.The correlation between Apelin-13 and Apelin-36 with APACHE Ⅱ score was analyzed.The differences of plasma CRP,Apelin-13 and Apelin-36 levels on 4 d after admission were compared between the MAP group and SAP group.Results Plasma Apelin-36,Apelin-36 and CRP levels and APACHE Ⅱ score on admission in the AP group were significantly higher than that in the control group(P＜0.05),plasma Apelin-13,Apelin-36 and CRP levels and APACHE Ⅱ score in the SAP group were significantly higher than those in the MAP group(P＜0.05),the plasma Apelin-13 and Apelin-36 levels were positively correlated with the APACHE Ⅱ score(P＜0.05);the plasma Apelin-36,Apelin-36 and CRP levelson 4 d after admission in the SAP group were higher than those in the MAP group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Early stage of AP has the changes of plasma Apelin-13 and Apelin-36 levels,which are closely correlated with the severity of disease.

Effect and mechanism of Yunkang oral liquid in regulating endocrine system and VEGF signaling pathway and reducing abortion rate in recurrent abortion mice / 中国中药杂志

This experiment focuses on the effect of Yunkang oral liquid on abortion rate, endocrine system and VEGF signal pathway in Clark classical recurrent abortion model mice. RSA mice were randomly divded into model group, low, middle and high-dose groups and progesterone group. The normal pregnancy mice were included into normal group. Since the first day of pregnancy, the normal group and the RSA model group were given the same dose of distilled water, while low, middle and high-dose groups were given Yunkang oral liquid at the dose of 9, 18, 36 mL·kg¹·d⁻¹; progesterone group were given progesterone by 0.039 g·kg¹·d⁻¹. The mice were put to deathat the 15th day of pregnancy, and the embryo loss rate of each group was observed. Serum estradiol (E₂), progesterone (P), prolactin (PRL), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) level were tested; the protein expressions of estrogen receptor(ER), progesterone receptor (PR), prolactin receptor (PRLR) in decidua and RAS, MAPK, VEGF, VEGFR-2 gene and protein expressions in deciduas were studied. The results showed that middle, high dose Yunkang and progesterone could significantly decrease the embryo loss rate of RSA mice. The levels of FSH, LH, PRL, P and E₂ in serum in Yunkang and progesterone groups were increased, and the serum levels of FSH, LH, and E₂ in Yunkang group were higher than those in progesterone group. Western blot analysis showed that Yunkang oral liquid and progesterone can significantly increase the expressions of PRLR, PR in the uterine decidua of RSA mice, and the expression of ER in Yunkang group was higher than that in progesterone group. Western blot and PCR showed that the Yunkang oral liquid and progesterone can significantly increase RAS, MAPK, VEGF, VEGFR-2 gene and protein expressions in the uterine decidua of RSA mice. The results showed that Yunkang oral liquid can effectively reduce the embryo loss rate of RSA model mice, increase the levels of FSH, LH, PRL, P and E₂ in serum, promote the expressions of PRLR, PR, ER protein in decidua and the RAS, MAPK, VEGF, VEGFR-2 gene and protein expressions in the decidua, improve the vascular remodeling of fetal interface, the endometrial receptivty, the development of decidua and the blastocyst implantation.

Efficacy of compound Dendrobium on PI3K/AKT/eNOS signaling pathway in hypertensive rats induced by "dietary disorders" / 中国中药杂志

To observe the efficacy of compound Dendrobium on Sprague Dawley rats (SD) hypertension model induced by "dietary disorders" and its relevant mechanism, totally 50 SD rats were fed with high-sugar, high-fat diet and alcohol for four weeks. According to the blood pressure after modeling, the rats were divided into model group, valsartan group (8 mg·kg⁻¹), low, medium and high-dose Dendrobium candidum compound groups (1.65, 3.30, 5.00 g·kg⁻¹), with 10 rats in each group, and the other 10 SD rats were also taken as the normal group. After four weeks of treatment, blood pressure was measured. Orbital blood was collected for the determination of serum cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), calculation of atherosclerosis index (AI). Nitric acid reductase method was used to detect serum nitric oxide (NO); the levels of serum endothelin-1 (ET-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) were measured by ELISA. The rats were put to death after the last administration, and the protein expressions of PI3K/AKT/eNOS in thoracic aorta of rats in each group were detected by Western blot. The aorta was separated and stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) to observe the changes in the endothelium and blood vessels in the thoracic aorta. Masson staining was used to observe the formation of aortic collagen. The expressions of nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and ICAM-1 in aortic endothelial cells were observed by immunohistochemistry. In contrast, the results show D. candidum compound can significantly reduce the blood pressure in hypertensive rats, increase HDL-c, and reduce AI, while increasing serum NO content, decreasing ET-1 and ICAM-1 levels and promoting PI3K/AKT/NOS protein expressions. The lesion degree of the D. candidum compound group was reduced, and the collagen deposition was significantly reduced. Meanwhile, D. candidum compound can significantly increase the expression of eNOS, and reduce the formation of ICAM-1.Therefore, D. candidum compound has an obvious antihypertensive effect on hypertensive rats, which may be related to the increase in PI3K/AKT/eNOS signaling pathways and NO generation, the inhibition of the secretion of ICAM-1 and ET-1, the protection of the vascular endothelium and the improvement of aortic disease.

Breakthrough bleeding in adult patients with severe hemophilia A receiving low- and intermediate-dose FVIII for tertiary prophylaxis: characteristics and influencing factors / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the characteristics of breakthrough bleeding in adult patients with severe hemophilia A (SHA) receiving low- and intermediate-dose FVIII for tertiary prophylaxis and explore the factors affecting the outcomes of the treatment.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty-nine patients (mean age 31.53∓7.33 years) with SHA receiving tertiary prophylaxis FVIII treatment were divided into low-dose group (n=15) and intermediate-dose group (n=34). The data including clinical bleeding phenotype (Pre?AJBR), 72 h FVIII trough activity, and Functional Independence Score in Hemophilia (FISH) were recorded in all the patients, and Hemophilia Steward APP was used to record the bleeding episode and the treatment data. All the patients were followed up for at least 6 months.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the low-dose and intermediate-dose groups, the number of joint bleeding (AJBR) episodes were 18.79∓13.03 and 9.28∓7.02 per year (P=0.016), and the proportions of spontaneous bleeding were 75.0% and 47.7%, respectively. The proportions of patients with target joint were 80% and 44%, target joint bleeding occurred in 59% and 41%, and cataract bleeding after 0-12 h of prophylactic injection occurred in 4.86% and 5.18% of the patients with a median breakthrough bleeding time of 40.08 h and 46.08 h (P=0.008), respectively. The proportions of patients with 72 h FVIII trough activity <1% were 44.4% and 34.8% in the two groups, respectively. AJBR was negatively correlated with the preventive dose consumed (r=-0.57, P=0.000, n=49) and FISH, but positively correlated with Pre-AJBR in the two groups (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Tertiary prophylaxis with low- and intermediate-dose FVIII is not sufficient to achieve the goal of preventing progression of joint disease in Chinese adult patients with SHA. Although the prophylactic dose is the most important factor to affect the treatment efficacy, other non-factor approaches may also help to improve the efficacy of the treatment.</p>

Three-dimensional finite element analysis of the stress distribution on the temporomandibular joint after single maxillary extraction orthodontics in adult patients with Class Ⅱ division 1 malocclusion / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Clinical evaluation gives much attention to occlusion and improvement of soft tissue profile,while little is reported concerning the stress distribution on the temporomandibular joint in the treatment of Class Ⅱ division 1 malocclusion adult patients undergoing single maxillary extraction orthodontics.OBJECTIVE:To analyze the stress distribution on the temporomandibular joint in the treatment of Class Ⅱ division 1 malocclusion with single maxillary extraction orthodontics.METHODS:The three-dimensional finite element models of normal and Class Ⅱ division 1 malocclusion before and after single maxillary extraction orthodontics according to CT and MRI data.The stress distribution on the temporomandibular joint was analyzed after mechanical loading and boundary constraint.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with Class Ⅱ division 1 malocclusion,the stress distribution on the temporomandibular joint after single maxillary extraction orthodontics had no significant stress concentration area,and the equivalent stress of the condyle was lower than that before treatment,and the equivalent stress of the articular disc and the glenoid fossa of temporal bone were larger than those before treatment.However,the stress was well-distributed,basically fulfilling the stress characteristics of normal occlusion.To conclude,single maxillary extraction orthodontics reduces the risk of temporomandibular joint disorder in the patients with Class Ⅱ division 1 malocclusion,which is balanced and stable in line with the goal of orthodontic treatment.

Feasibility of simultaneous cardiac catheterization and 2D echocardiogram in the measurement of right rentricular pressure-volume loops / 中国介入心脏病学杂志

Objective To investigate the feasibility of the simultaneous measurement of right ventricular pressure-volume loops by cardiac catheterization and 2D electrocardiogram. Methods Patients referred for pulmonary hypertension underwent right heart catheterization in our hospital between June 1st, 2015 and June 1st, 2017 are to be enrolled in this study. The right ventricular volume was measured simultaneously by catheter and electrocardiogram. The pressure-volume loops were constructed by the parameters of the pressure and volume in the same cardiac cycle. Results The study completed in four cases and their pressure-volume loops were drawn. The obtained images were irregular and there was no relationship among them. As a result, the construction was a failure. Conclusions The construction of the right ventricular pressure-volume loops of pulmonary hypertension patients by simultaneous catheterization and 2D electrocardiogram is difficult to overcome the technology defects.

Self-assembled monolayers as model systems to study the relation between biocompatibity and surface chemistry of biomaterials / 生物医学工程学杂志

The surface properties of biomaterials are essentially important to their biocompatibility. The complexity of surface composition and structure of biomaterials bring out the problem that it is difficult to make fully clear how the surface chemical properties and the structures of biomaterials control the biological reactions between the surfaces and proteins and/or cells. The structure of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) is well established and SAMs have the characteristics of which a variety of functional groups and molecules can be introduced, either before or after the monolayer is formed, and diversified spectroscopy monitoring can be used to characterize SAMs and changes after their interactions with proteins or cells. Thus, SAMs are suitable model substrates for the study of the relationship between the surface chemical properties and biocompatibility of biomaterials. This paper reviews the researches on SAMs as models to study the absorption of proteins, cell adhesion and proliferation on materials, and the influences of both surface chemical functional groups and motion of molecular chains on hemocompatibility of biomaterials.